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1948 Miami hurricane
The 1948 Miami hurricane was one of the strongest tropical cyclones of the 1948 Atlantic hurricane season. The hurricane, the second most intense storm of the season, produced winds of 130 mph (215 km/h) in the Havana, Cuba region. The eighth tropical storm, fifth hurricane, and the fourth major hurricane of the season, it developed east-northeast of Cape Gracias a Dios, Nicaragua. Subsequently, it intensified over the western Caribbean Sea, attained winds of hurricane strength, and made landfall on western Cuba. The cyclone, which was the equivalence of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, crossed the island and struck the Florida Keys as a major hurricane. The center passed over Miami, departed near Fort Lauderdale, and crossed the Atlantic Ocean south of Bermuda.
Cuba, the site of the strongest winds, received significant damage from the cyclone, and eleven fatalities occurred on the island. In Florida, the hurricane produced heavy rains and floods in the Miami region. Three tornadoes also occurred in the state; however, no deaths were confirmed. The impacts of Hurricane Seven, occurring two weeks prior to the storm, reduced the destruction from the October cyclone. The cyclone also caused extensive destruction on Bermuda.
==Meteorological history==
A weak tropical storm, with winds of 40 mph (70 km/h), formed 90 miles (145 km) east-northeast of Cape Gracias a Dios, Nicaragua, on October 3. The cyclone, moving northwest, strengthened to a hurricane on the next day. The system was noted as an organized tropical cyclone at 10:45 a.m. (1545 UTC) on the same date. On October 5, the hurricane intensified and attained winds of at least 120 mph (195 km/h). Subsequently, the hurricane, reaching a peak intensity of 135 mph (215 km/h), made landfall east of Almacén in the Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. The center passed west of Havana, where winds were measured near 132 mph (213 km/h).〔〔Barnes, p. 182〕 Later, the hurricane made landfall near Marathon on the evening of the same date. Maximum sustained winds were near 125 mph (200 km/h),〔 and Sombrero Key reported a pressure of 975 mbar (28.80 inHg). A lull, indicating the passage of the eye, persisted for 45 minutes at Marathon and the Bahia Honda Bridge. Maximum winds were estimated near 100 mph (161 km/h) in the Florida Keys.〔〔Barnes, p. 182〕 The hurricane passed over Miami around 7 p.m. (00 UTC); sustained winds of 90 mph (145 km/h) were documented at the U.S. Weather Bureau's airport station, and the lowest pressure was 979 mbar (28.92 inHg).〔〔Barnes, p. 182〕 The duration of the center was 35 minutes at the station; the lull lasted for a longer period at the Miami City Office, but the pressure did not drop below 981 mbar (28.96 inHg).〔
The hurricane, producing winds of 105 mph (165 km/h),〔 passed over the Fort Lauderdale area and entered the Atlantic Ocean around 9:30 p.m. (0230 UTC).〔 On October 6, the center passed over the western portion of Grand Bahama;〔 wind gusts reached 110 mph (170 km/h),〔Barnes, p. 182〕 and West End reported winds near hurricane intensity.〔 The hurricane briefly weakened over the western Atlantic Ocean, but it re-strengthened on October 7. The hurricane, attaining a second peak intensity of 105 mph (165 km/h), passed south of Bermuda on the same date. Winds reached 110 mph (170 km/h) on the island. On October 8, the hurricane turned east, weakened to a tropical storm, and executed a clockwise loop from October 9 through October 15. The system dissipated on October 15.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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